GREEN SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION

Abstract

The environmentally friendly method involving the green synthesis of nanoparticles considers biological agents like plants, microbes, algae, and fungi as reducing and stabilizing agents. Unlike previous methodologies, this processes do not use toxic reagents implying the need for more advanced environmentally friendly technology. The process of biogenic synthesis entails reduction reactions that are facilitated by phytochemicals, enzymes, and biomolecules, which gives rise to nanoparticles that are stable and possess a specific size and morphology. Their physicochemical Properties in terms of stability, shape and surface functionality are confirmed with spectroscopic characterization technique(s): UV-Vis, FTIR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and DLS. Green-synthesized nanoparticles have emerged for heavy metal removal, organic pollutant degradation, air purification with nano-catalysts, as well as for antimicrobial water treatment confirming its efficacy for  environmental remediation. The identified gaps such as lack of reproducibility, large scale production, and possible toxicity fuels the advancement of technology Kalpana Rao nanotechnology to be used widely. The evaluation of long term environmental impact, optimization of synthesis parameters, and increase stability of produced nanoparticles should be studied in depth. The application of sophisticated analytical tools and machine learning together with green nanotechnology is environmentally friendly and can broaden the scope nanotechnology  while accomplishing goals aligned with environmental remediation.