CYBERBULLYING AND ONLINE HARASSMENT: A CRIMINOLOGICAL AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

Cyberbullying and online harassment have become pervasive issues in the digital age, posing significant challenges to individuals, communities, and legal systems worldwide. This research article examines these phenomena from criminological and legal perspectives, aiming to understand the motivations behind such behaviors, their societal impact, and the efficacy of existing legal frameworks. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating criminological theories such as Routine Activity Theory, Social Learning Theory, and Strain Theory to analyze perpetrator behavior and victim vulnerability. From a legal standpoint, the research evaluates the adequacy of current laws, jurisdictional challenges, and the role of technology platforms in mitigating harm. Key findings reveal that cyberbullying is often driven by factors such as anonymity, low empathy, and social strain, while victims experience profound psychological and emotional consequences. Legally, fragmented regulations and enforcement gaps hinder effective intervention. The study concludes with recommendations for strengthening legal frameworks, enhancing digital literacy, and fostering international cooperation to combat cyberbullying and online harassment. By bridging criminological insights with legal analysis, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of these issues and offers actionable strategies for creating a safer digital environment.