CLIMATE CRISIS IN THE HIGHLANDS: DISPLACEMENT, MIGRATION, AND THE QUEST FOR HUMAN SECURITY

Abstract

This research paper examines the far-reaching repercussions of climate change on displacement and migration in Gilgit-Baltistan and Chitral, located in Northern Pakistan at the convergence of the Karakoram, Himalaya, and Hindukush Mountain ranges. Grounded in liberalism theory, it argues that climate change presents a global challenge requiring collective action, human rights protection, and the promotion of human security. Using a mixed-methods approach combining literature review and case studies, the study investigates the causes, outcomes, and responses to climate-induced displacement and migration in these regions The analysis reveals that climate change triggers devastating disasters, including landslides, flooding, glacier melt, erratic weather patterns, and land erosion by high water flow in rivers, resulting in:

• Destruction of settlements, agricultural lands, housing, and irrigation systems
• Blocking of rivers, creating lakes, and submerging settlements
• Cutting off roads and communication systems
• Exacerbating existing vulnerabilities, such as poverty, housing and food insecurity, and water scarcity
• Leading to increased displacement and migration

The study underscores the pivotal roles of international institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the Government of Pakistan in addressing climate-induced displacement and migration, and advocates for a collaborative, human rights-based approach that prioritizes dignity, security, sustainable development, and climate resilience.