THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION ON LEARNING OUTCOMES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND TECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of technology integration on learning outcomes in Pakistani secondary schools, comparing traditional teaching methods with technology-enhanced approaches. Using a mixed-methods design, the research involved 240 students from eight institutions across Lahore, Karachi, and Islamabad in a 16-week intervention. Quantitative data from pre and post-tests revealed significantly higher academic achievement in the experimental groups using technology-enhanced instruction, particularly in mathematics and science subjects. Students in the technology-integrated classrooms demonstrated greater engagement and motivation levels compared to those in traditional classrooms. Qualitative findings highlighted teachers' experiences with implementation challenges including infrastructure limitations, technical support needs, and professional development requirements. Despite these obstacles, both students and teachers reported positive perceptions of technology integration, noting improvements in collaborative learning, conceptual understanding, and classroom participation. The study concludes that strategic technology integration in Pakistani secondary education can substantially improve learning outcomes when supported by adequate infrastructure and teacher training, providing valuable insights for educational policymakers and administrators seeking to modernize instruction in developing educational contexts.