CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY IN PAKISTAN: SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES AND STRATEGIC POLICY OPTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE RESILIENCE

Abstract

Pakistan's food security is being threatened by climate change, which has broad socio-economic ramifications. Millions of people's livelihoods are in jeopardy due to the sharp decline in agricultural output brought on by rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall patterns, and an increase in the frequency of catastrophic weather events like floods and droughts. Therefore, the multifaceted effects of climate change on Pakistan's food supply are addressed in this research, with an emphasis on how these disruptions worsen poverty, inequality, and migration from the countryside to the cities. It draws attention to the vulnerability of small-scale farmers and marginalized communities, who are disproportionately affected by these issues. A thorough framework of policy choices is presented in the research to address these immediate issues. Examples of short-term responses are providing backup food supplies and bolstering catastrophe risk management systems. Diversification of crops, better water resource management, and investments in climate-resilient agricultural innovations are the main themes of medium-term strategies. Whereas, promoting climate-smart agriculture, implementing structural changes to land use regulations, and strengthening regional collaboration to reduce risks and exchange best practices are all necessary for long-term solutions. By  putting Pakistan’s food security dilemma within the global framework of climate evolution and sustainable development, this research highlights the need for integrated and inclusive planning. It calls for harnessing international climate funds and supporting collaborative efforts to establish a durable, responsible food system for Pakistan’s development.